Exception Handling Best Practices in Spring REST API

// Custom exception with context
public class ResourceNotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
    private final String resourceType;
    private final String resourceId;
    
    public ResourceNotFoundException(String resourceType, String resourceId) {
        super(String.format("%s not found with id: %s", resourceType, resourceId));
        this.resourceType = resourceType;
        this.resourceId = resourceId;
    }
}

// Consistent error DTO
record ErrorResponse(String message, int status, String path, LocalDateTime timestamp, List<String> details) {}

@RestControllerAdvice
@Slf4j
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(ResourceNotFoundException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleResourceNotFound(
            ResourceNotFoundException ex, WebRequest request) {
        log.warn("Resource not found: {}", ex.getMessage()); // Log for debugging
        
        var error = new ErrorResponse(
                ex.getMessage(),
                HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND.value(),
                request.getDescription(false).replace("uri=", ""),
                LocalDateTime.now(),
                List.of()
        );
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND).body(error);
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ErrorResponse> handleGenericException(
            Exception ex, WebRequest request) {
        log.error("Unexpected error", ex); // Full stack trace in logs
        
        var error = new ErrorResponse(
                "An error occurred processing your request", // Safe message
                HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.value(),
                request.getDescription(false).replace("uri=", ""),
                LocalDateTime.now(),
                List.of()
        );
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(error);
    }
}